缺铁性贫血－不可不防
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><FONT face=宋体 size=3>造血的含义一般是指骨髓生成红细胞，而不是指整个血液的产生。实际上并没有红细胞生成所需要的特殊营养物质，造血原料和其他组织所需要的营养成分相同，如氨基酸，维生素及铁、铜、钴等微量元素。这些营养成分缺乏会影响人体的新陈代谢，也会影响造血。补充这些不足的养分可恢复人体的正常代谢，纠正贫血，因而能起<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>补血<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>作用。</FONT></P><P style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋体>有些营养成分对造血的影响出现更早， 更容易察觉，补充这些不足的成分有显著的抗贫血功效。这类营养成分有铁、维生素<SPAN lang=EN-US>B12</SPAN>和叶酸。<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">铁</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">(Fe)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">为血红素之主要成分，当缺乏时会导致缺铁性贫血，是一种小球性、低血色素的贫血状态。铁是合成血红蛋白的重要原料，红细胞内铁占全身总铁量的一半，缺铁对红细胞生成的影响常比其他组织显著。含铁量较高的水果有：樱桃，葡萄，西梅，银杏和橘子。吃樱桃时一次不宜太多。西梅汁最好选用纯天然的，</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">不要随便在街上买商贩自酿的果汁。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">缺铁性贫血是个普遍存在的营养问题，在妇女中较多见，据调查我国妇女贫血患病率平均为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">30%</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">左右，孕末期更高。整个孕期约需铁</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1000mg,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">其中胎儿约需要</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">300mg</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，用于胎盘约</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">50mg</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，孕妇血液量增加约需要</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">450mg</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，分娩时失血约</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">200mg.</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">内于孕早期的妊娠反应影响进食，孕</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">20</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">周起血容量迅速增加，如果膳食中铁不足，就容易引起缺铁性贫血。以影响新生儿肝脏的储铁量，致使婴儿出生后较早出现缺铁性贫血。由于我国膳食中相当一部分铁来源于食物。尤其是在妊娠最后</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">20</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">周，通过食物或营养品补充更为重要，此时肠道对铁的吸收率可增加二倍以上。</SPAN></P>
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